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| According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R), the following criteria define major depression:
First, a person must exhibit at least five of the following nine symptoms and these symptoms must be present for a minimum of two weeks:
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- Depressed mood, nearly every day for most of the day.
- Diminished interest or pleasure in almost all daily activities, every day.
- Weight gain or loss when not dieting and decreased appetite nearly every day.
- Insomnia or sleeping too much nearly every day
- Abnormal restlessness or a drop in physical activity nearly every day
- Loss of energy or fatigue nearly every day
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every day.
- Diminished ability to think, concentrate, or make decisions nearly every day.
- Recurrent thoughts of death, or recurrent suicidal thoughts without a specific plan; or a suicide attempt; or a specific plan for committing suicide.
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| The DSM-III-R stipulates that one of the first two symptoms must be among the five symptoms present. In order for any of the above to be considered a symptom, it must reflect a change from that person's ordinary behavior.
Also, in addition to exhibiting at least of the five above symptoms, the following must also be true:
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- The depression is not being caused by another illness. (Some exceptions occur).
- The depression is not the result of the loss of a loved one.
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