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According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R), the following criteria define major depression:

First, a person must exhibit at least five of the following nine symptoms and these symptoms must be present for a minimum of two weeks:

  1. Depressed mood, nearly every day for most of the day.
  2. Diminished interest or pleasure in almost all daily activities, every day.
  3. Weight gain or loss when not dieting and decreased appetite nearly every day.
  4. Insomnia or sleeping too much nearly every day
  5. Abnormal restlessness or a drop in physical activity nearly every day
  6. Loss of energy or fatigue nearly every day
  7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every day.
  8. Diminished ability to think, concentrate, or make decisions nearly every day.
  9. Recurrent thoughts of death, or recurrent suicidal thoughts without a specific plan; or a suicide attempt; or a specific plan for committing suicide.
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The DSM-III-R stipulates that one of the first two symptoms must be among the five symptoms present. In order for any of the above to be considered a symptom, it must reflect a change from that person's ordinary behavior.

Also, in addition to exhibiting at least of the five above symptoms, the following must also be true:

  1. The depression is not being caused by another illness. (Some exceptions occur).
  2. The depression is not the result of the loss of a loved one.
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